This results in the development of an organism with intermingled cell lines. This condition occurs through the fertilization of two separate ova by two sperm, followed by aggregation of the two at the blastocyst or zygote stages. Tetragametic chimerism is a form of congenital chimerism. Tetragametic chimerism African violets exhibiting chimerism Chimeras can often breed, but the fertility and type of offspring depends on which cell line gave rise to the ovaries or testes varying degrees of intersex differences may result if one set of cells is genetically female and another genetically male. The likelihood of offspring being a chimera is increased if it is created via in vitro fertilisation.
In nonidentical twins, innate chimerism occurs by means of blood-vessel anastomoses. This condition is either innate or it is synthetic, acquired for example through the infusion of allogeneic blood cells during transplantation or transfusion. Cases of human chimeras have been documented. Each population of cells keeps its own character and the resulting organism is a mixture of tissues. Innate chimeras are formed from at least four parent cells (two fertilised eggs or early embryos fused together). If the different cells have emerged from the same zygote, the organism is called a mosaic. The word chimera comes from the Greek mythological creature Chimera.Īn animal chimera is a single organism that is composed of two or more different populations of genetically distinct cells that originated from different zygotes involved in sexual reproduction. The term genetic chimera has been used at least since the 1944 article of Belgovskii. While German dermatologist Alfred Blaschko described Blaschko's lines in 1901, the genetic science took until the 1930s to approach a vocabulary for the phenomenon. For example, transplantation of bone marrow often determines the recipient's ensuing blood type. Īnother way that chimerism can occur in animals is by organ transplantation, giving one individual tissues that developed from a different genome. In contrast, an individual where each cell contains genetic material from two organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera is called a hybrid.
Normally, genetic chimerism is not visible on casual inspection however, it has been detected in the course of proving parentage. In plant chimeras, however, the distinct types of tissue may originate from the same zygote, and the difference is often due to mutation during ordinary cell division. Section,) is currently a hot subtopic in contemporary academic and medical research specialist conversation circles, and such hypothetical gender-chimera variances are being subgrouped under the theoretical name "Lucifer's Chimera Syndromatic Variences." Animal chimeras are produced by the merger of two (or more) embryos.
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The theoretical possibility of certain variences of gender-chimeras in human population to exist with the hypothetical capability of self-fertilization and sufficient partial or full term pregnancies, both with or without modern medical intervention applied (such as unique fertility care and/or cesarean Statistically individuals with these types of gender-chimeraisms find more difficulty in sexually reproducing.
In animals and human chimeras, this means an individual derived from two or more zygotes, which can include possessing blood cells of different blood types, subtle variations in form ( phenotype) and, if the zygotes were of differing sexual karyotypical properties, then sometimes even the possession of either both female and male reproductive sex organs, partially and/or fully formed duel, or double-binary, qualitied reproductive organs, and/or reproductive organs with unique and/or mixed sexual qualities. Single organism composed of two or more different populations of genetically distinct cells Two-colored rose chimeraĪ genetic chimerism or chimera ( / k aɪ ˈ m ɪər ə, k ə-/ ky- MEER-ə, kə-) is a single organism composed of cells with more than one distinct genotype.
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